Nicholas E. Federoff

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Nicholas E. Federoff
Wildlife Biologist

Kiwishiwi Field Lab
Ely, Minnesota

Nick at the cabin.

The skull of a wolf (Canis lupus) is on the left. The skull of a coyote (Canis latrans) is on the right.

The radio-collar and the tracking receiver.

Wolf paw print.

The field study area in Minnesota wolf country.

More Minnesota backcountry.

Coyote scavenging on a wolf-killed deer.

What's left of a deer after a wolf pack had dinner.

Me and wolf.

Wolf knockdown with wildlink capture collar. Notice the 2 tranquilizer darts in the collar. These darts can be fired remotely. Before the advent of this collar, biologists would have to trap the wolf over and over if blood samples or other measurements needed to be taken more than once. Only certain wolves wear these type of collars due to their expense.

Wolf knockdown. Wolf is on a space blanket to keep the wolf warm. This is needed as the wolf's body temperature is lowered from the tranquilizing drugs. This is a large male weighing about 95 lbs.

The free-ranging wolves were from packs in northeastern Minnesota (48^o N, 92^o W). Free-ranging wolves were initially captured using modified steel leghold traps, then fitted with capture collars (Wildlink Capture Collar, Advanced Telemetry Systems, Isanti, Minnesota 55040, USA), sampled and released. The collars were used to capture the free-ranging wolves for vaccination and subsequent blood sampling through the automated injection of a 1.5 ml mixture of 37 mg xylazine HCL (AnaSed,TM manufactured by Ben Venue Laboratories, Inc., Bedford, Ohio 44146, USA for Lloyd laboratories, Shenandoah, Iowa 51601, USA), 250 mg TelazolTM (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa 50501, USA) and 0.75 ml propylene glycol (anti-freezing agent). When needed, the free-ranging wolves were given 100-200 mg of ketamine HCL (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa 50501, USA) to maintain immobilization. After handling, 15 mg yohimbine HCL was given i.v. to antagonize the xylazine.

Wolf scat -- The End!

	Kiwishiwi Field Lab Ely, Minnesota
	Nick at the cabin.
	The skull of a wolf (Canis lupus) is on the left. The skull of a coyote (Canis latrans) is on the right.
	The radio-collar and the tracking receiver.
	Wolf paw print.
	The field study area in Minnesota wolf country.
	More Minnesota backcountry.
	Coyote scavenging on a wolf-killed deer.
	What's left of a deer after a wolf pack had dinner.
	Me and wolf.
	Wolf knockdown with wildlink capture collar. Notice the 2 tranquilizer darts in the collar. These darts can be fired remotely. Before the advent of this collar, biologists would have to trap the wolf over and over if blood samples or other measurements needed to be taken more than once. Only certain wolves wear these type of collars due to their expense.
	Wolf knockdown. Wolf is on a space blanket to keep the wolf warm. This is needed as the wolf's body temperature is lowered from the tranquilizing drugs. This is a large male weighing about 95 lbs.
The free-ranging wolves were from packs in northeastern Minnesota (48^o N, 92^o W). Free-ranging wolves were initially captured using modified steel leghold traps, then fitted with capture collars (Wildlink Capture Collar, Advanced Telemetry Systems, Isanti, Minnesota 55040, USA), sampled and released. The collars were used to capture the free-ranging wolves for vaccination and subsequent blood sampling through the automated injection of a 1.5 ml mixture of 37 mg xylazine HCL (AnaSed,TM manufactured by Ben Venue Laboratories, Inc., Bedford, Ohio 44146, USA for Lloyd laboratories, Shenandoah, Iowa 51601, USA), 250 mg TelazolTM (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa 50501, USA) and 0.75 ml propylene glycol (anti-freezing agent). When needed, the free-ranging wolves were given 100-200 mg of ketamine HCL (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa 50501, USA) to maintain immobilization. After handling, 15 mg yohimbine HCL was given i.v. to antagonize the xylazine.
	Wolf scat -- The End!